Located in the heart of city, Junagarh Fort Bikaner stands as a magnificent symbol of Rajasthan’s royal legacy. Unlike many forts in Rajasthan, Junagarh is unique because it was built on a plain rather than a hilltop, and yet it remains unconquered in its history. With its grand palaces, intricate carvings, and rich collection of artifacts, the fort tells stories of valor, art, and royalty that once defined the region.
Historical Background
Junagarh Fort was constructed in 1594 AD by Raja Rai Singh, the sixth ruler of Bikaner and a trusted general in the army of Mughal Emperor Akbar. Originally named Chintamani Fort, it was later renamed Junagarh, meaning “Old Fort”, after the royal family moved to a new palace (Lalgarh Palace) in the early 20th century.
Throughout history, the fort has seen numerous battles but has remained unconquered except for a brief occupation by Kamran Mirza, son of Babur. This legacy of strength and resilience makes Junagarh one of the most significant forts in Rajasthan.
Architectural Brilliance
Junagarh Fort is a fine example of Rajput architecture, influenced by Mughal, Gujarati, and British styles. Sprawled over 5.28 hectares, the fort complex houses 37 palaces, temples, and pavilions, each more ornate and grand than the last.
The fort’s high sandstone walls are adorned with carved balconies, jharokhas (overhanging enclosed windows), and polished marble floors. The intricate details in the stone inlay work, lattice windows, and frescoed walls reflect the refined tastes of the various rulers who contributed to the fort’s expansion over the centuries.
Magnificent Palaces Within
Inside the Junagarh Fort, a number of palaces steal the spotlight with their design and decoration. Among the most notable are:
- Anup Mahal: A multi-storeyed palace used for administrative purposes, richly decorated with gold leaf work, mirrors, and ornate wooden ceilings.
- Chandra Mahal: Known for its painted walls and delicate mirror work, it was the royal family’s private residence.
- Phool Mahal: Also called the “Flower Palace”, it features beautiful floral motifs and vibrant wall paintings.
- Ganga Mahal: A relatively newer addition, it was built by Maharaja Ganga Singh and houses a museum with rare artifacts, weapons, manuscripts, and costumes.
These palaces showcase not only royal opulence but also the blend of art and culture that thrived under the Bikaner rulers.
Temples and Cultural Elements
Within the fort complex are several Hindu and Jain temples, adding a spiritual dimension to its historical importance. These temples, dedicated to deities like Lakshmi Narayan and Rishabhdev, are adorned with intricate carvings and are still revered by locals and tourists alike.
The fort also has painted courtyards and gardens, creating a refreshing contrast to the desert environment surrounding Bikaner. The combination of art, devotion, and architecture creates a holistic experience for every visitor.
Junagarh Fort Museum
One of the highlights of the fort is its museum, established by Maharaja Dr. Karni Singh in the mid-20th century. The museum displays an impressive collection of:
- Ancient manuscripts
- Royal garments
- Traditional weaponry
- Silver howdahs and palkis (royal carriages)
- Miniature paintings and decorative arts
It offers deep insight into the lifestyle and culture of the Bikaner royals, and how they interacted with Mughals, British, and other regional powers.
Visiting Tips
- Timings: Usually open from 10:00 AM to 4:30 PM, but check locally before visiting.
- Entry Fees: Nominal charges apply for both Indian and foreign tourists.
- Best Time to Visit: October to March, when the weather is pleasant.
- Hiring a local guide is highly recommended to fully appreciate the history and stories behind each palace and artifact.
Conclusion
Junagarh Fort is more than just a historical monument it is a living narrative of courage, artistry, and royal elegance. With its stunning architecture, well-preserved interiors, and fascinating museum, it remains one of Rajasthan’s most remarkable forts. A visit to Bikaner is truly incomplete without exploring the timeless beauty and grandeur of Junagarh Fort.
